哈尔岑独获2026年诺贝尔物理学奖

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哈尔岑独获2026年诺贝尔物理学奖

2026年9月，中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所报告了一项小麦分子育种研究。团队利用单碱基编辑，调整TaABA2-5A基因前方的一段调控序列，减弱其对后续蛋白质合成的限制。实验发现，基因转录水平并未因此改变，但翻译效率提高，使小麦体内的脱落酸含量增加，并表现出更好的耐盐、耐旱和抗穗发芽能力。

脱落酸参与植物应对逆境，也影响种子何时结束休眠。对于小麦来说，成熟后遇到不适宜天气而提前在穗上发芽，会影响粮食品质，因此相关性状一直是育种研究的重要方向。这次工作的特点是修改调控元件，利用植物自身的激素通路改善表现，而不是简单提高基因转录量。它说明，蛋白质合成过程中的调节环节也可以成为精准育种工具。研究为作物抗逆改良提供了新的实验路径，至于不同品种在田间环境中的综合效果，以及抗性与产量之间的关系，仍需进一步评价。

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